Fidus

Fidus (Hugo Reinhold Karl Johann bourgeois Höppener [1] , * October 8 1868 in Lübeck , † February 23 1948 in Woltersdorf ) was a German painter and illustrator.
Contents
[Verbergen]

1 Life
1.1 Early years of life
1.2 1890-1931
1.3 1932-1945
1.4 After 1945
2 discount
3 Literature
4 External links
5 References

[ edit ] Life
[ edit ] Early life years

Hugo was born on 8 Höppener October 1868, the son of confectioner Höppener Julius and his wife Camilla (nee Stender) was born in Lübeck. Easter 1887 he was sent by his parents at the preschool of the Munich Academy. Only three months after he left the academy and became a pupil of the painter and nature Apostle Karl Wilhelm Diefenbach in Höllriegelskreuth , from whom he received his stylistic imprint and the artist name "Fidus" (Patriot). He devoted himself to the lebensreformerischen ideas of vegetarianism , belief in the light, the naturist and a nature-friendly lifestyle. Anarcho-socialist ideas of land reform and vegetarian pacifism ruled the intellectual world of the young Fidus. Thus Fidus among the other member associations lebensreformerischen German Garden City Society , the Association of German land reformer and member of the Federation for all-round reform of the entire life of Germans in the Association of Physical Culture and the German Association for reasonable physical discipline . [2]

1889 continued Fidus continued his studies at the Munich Academy. The acquaintance with the Theosophists Wilhelm Hubbe-Schleiden led to work as illustrator of the journal Sphinx . [1] Fidus henceforth represented a mystical nature, religion and sat down ideas for a sex-reform one. The specific Art Nouveau was now his paintings with esoteric symbols - lotus flowers , egg shapes, crosses enriched - and sun sign. The cyclic structure of the life cycle, the return of the man in the divine womb, the merging of the sexes and the redemption of the light were recurring motifs. He also drew up plans for massive temple complexes of a new religion of nature and light, in which the people should gather to worship. His most famous picture was in multiple copies, the first time in 1908, resulting "light prayer." It shows a young, slender, almost androgynous man on a mountain top, arms in the form of a Lebensrune spreading and sun worshiping. That image became the icon of the youth movement. [3]

In 1895 he left his first marriage to Amalie kingdom. This was not a legalized marriage but a free combination of the then ehereformerischen beliefs accordingly. Other marriages followed in the years 1900 and 1922, with Elsa Knorr Elsbet Lehmann-Hohenberg. [4]
[ edit ] 1890-1931

The early 1890s undertook Fidus trips to Norway, Switzerland, Italy and Istria. In 1892 he settled in Berlin and there was contact with the literary bohemians, established himself as an illustrator and became a member of the newly formed literary and artistic magazines Pan , Simplicissimus and youth . [1] In Berlin Fidus also joined the Theosophical Society and was co-founded in a Theosophical Lodge [5] (presumably Esoteric Circle or DTG ).

Fidus' first exhibition was held 1883rd [1] In addition to his graphic work that the naked man presented without the usual allegorical or mythological "skins" painted, Fidus landscape paintings in which he reworked impressions of his first time in 1894 undertaken north-country trips, and since 1903 he organized to present slide shows of his paintings. [1] In 1900 was one of the most famous painter Fidus Germany.

Substantial contacts exist at the time of this intellectual environment, for example, Pastor Willy or Arthur Moeller van den Bruck , just to Friedrichshagener poet circle to the Heinrich and Julius Hart and Gustav Landauer included. He also maintained close contact with the garden city movement, the land reform movement and migratory birds . In 1912 he founded the St. George's society that would turn against the "dragon of materialism".
So-called "Fidushaus" in Woltersdorf, which was built between 1908 and 1910 to designs by the artist in the "home style"

Fidus has illustrated many books. May Day 1905 appeared in the special issue of the journal Social Democratic " forward "with a title page designed by Fidus. 1906 received Fidus the financial means to establish a self-designed studios, which was in the Woltersdorfer Villenkolonie Schönblick east built by Berlin and extends from 1908/1909 to a residential wing, where he lived with his wife Elsa, his two children, the friend of Elsa poet Gertrud Prellwitz and Franz Bernoully. [6] The House "became a kind of pilgrimage of the reform movement." [7]
So-called "Fidusdenkmal" in Woltersdorf, which was built to designs by Fidus in honor of fallen soldiers Woltersdorfer the First World War

Broke out in 1914, the First World War, Fidus had through the influence of Wilhelm Schwaner nationalist ideas face. However, he spoke out against the general jingoism, demanded instead that Germany should free themselves from foreign cultural influences in order to fulfill a moral mission for the world. After 1918 Fidus lost in artistic influence, including material it was him worse. He made ​​this mess for the artistic internationalism ( Expressionism , Dadaism and " New Objectivity ") and the capitalist market trends responsible.
[ edit ] 1932-1945

Fidus in 1932, the Nazi one. But by 1925 he had turned in the paper "The race-Rassler acts" against the utopia of "racial purity". The Germans were thus historically a mixed people, and it would depend only on the Sun-drenched soul of man, not on racial characteristics. Despite hopes to the new governance, despite pleading letter to Hitler and Goebbels, to support financially its temple art, it was largely rejected by the new rulers. The SS-newspaper " Das Schwarze Korps "referred to him in 1936 as a cheapening of Nordic art. His request for the introduction he developed "Neugermanischen writing" was brusquely rejected in 1936. A planned exhibition on the art Nuremberg Nazi Party in 1936 burst, because Hitler had already been encountered at the sight of monumental portraits so "disgusted" that he ordered to return all of the works.

1937, Fidus folders confiscated and banned the sale of Fidusdrucken. Hitler was also the distribution of his painted portraits of Fidus ban on postcards. Demoralized Fidus criticized the Nazi cultural officials as a "cultural bigwigs" and "barbarians". Stylistically, he was true to his unconventional, in the very unusual time, "soft Art Nouveau" faithful. On the occasion of his 75th Birthday, he was appointed in 1943, despite its distance from the Nazi regime as an honorary professor. [8]
[ edit ] After 1945

Even after the Second World War, he represented his "light-German" thoughts continue. In order to gain better access to food, Fidus painted images on behalf of the Soviet Union of Stalin and Lenin and the Order of the SED Rudolf Breitscheid . [9] in 1946 he joined the free-religious community in Berlin and known as the voters CDU . On 23 February 1948 Fidus died of a stroke in Woltersdorf.
[ edit ] Estate

A portion of the estate of Fidus is located in the archives of the German youth movement , to the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg belongs. It was developed in 2005/2006 and to digitize the works contained therein, for the most part. Another part of the estate is in the archive Fidus Berlinische Gallery store. Another legacy is already developed part of the Academy of Arts in Berlin. Another still untapped portion estate is located in the Haller's Family Archives, Reichenberg. Fidusforschung also interesting for the estates of Fidus publishers Fritz Heyder (1882-1941), which is also located in the Academy of the Arts, and Max Brunswick Municipal Archives in Minden .
[ edit ] References

Oskar Beyer: Fidus . In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, p. 138
Claudia Bibo: Naturalism as a worldview. Biologistic, theosophical and German-nationalist imagery in poetry, illustrated by Fidus (1893-1902). With an appendix. Organization of the German believers movement Frankfurt am Main, etc. 1995
Rolf F. Lang (ed.): Fidus - Hugo Höppener, diary, January-July 1945th
Berlin-Friedrichshagen 1999th 198 pages, 9 figures, notes.
Wolfgang de Bruyn (Eds.): Fidus. All artists Lichtbaren, Berlin 1998
Janos Frecot , Johann Friedrich Geist , Diethart curbs : Fidus. To escape the bourgeois aesthetic practice movements. Expanded edition, Hamburg 1997
Jost Hermand: From Art Nouveau to the Deutsch-hippie dreamer. In: Jost Hermand (eds): The glow of the beautiful life of Frankfurt am Main 1972, p. 55-127.
Michael Neumann: Fidus - iconographer of youth. In: Gerhard Ille, Gunter Kohler (eds): The migratory bird. It began in Steglitz. Berlin 1987
Marina Schuster: Fidus - an artist of the nationalist spirit cultural movement In: Manual for the "Nationalist Movement" 1871 - 1918.. Edited by Uwe Puschner , Walter Schmitz and Justus H. Ulbricht. Saur, Munich etc. 1996, p. 634-650
Marina Schuster: Fidus. Painter chaste nudity. In: free body culture and life. Studies on pre-and early history of nudism in Germany. Edited by Michael Grisko, Kassel 1999, p. 207-237
Marina Schuster: light prayer. The icon of the reform of life and youth movement, in: A Century of Images. 1900 to 1949. Edited by Gerhard Paul. Göttingen 2009, p. 140-147
Manfred Wedemeyer : Fidus - Magnus Weidemann, an artist friend from 1920 to 1948. Kiel 1984
Claus-Martin Wolf blow : the painter Fidus and assess its work in the light of postwar research. In: Yearbook of the Conservative Revolution. Wesseling 1994
Rainer Y: Fidus the temple artists. Phil Thesis, Göppingen 1985 (2 volumes)

[ edit ] External links

Literature by and about Fidus in the catalog of the German National Library
Find estate agents in the Fidus archives of the German Youth Movement
Fidus Archive Berlinische Gallery
ak190x.de : Prof. Dr. Wyss: FIDUS - Hugo Hoeppner 1871-1948, Summer 1993 - On the influence on the youth movement and thoughts on racism.
Fidus project , Fidus and his visits to Switzerland and its relations with people who have lived in Switzerland.
Biographical Life Reform in Switzerland
German Historical Museum : 2 Fidus works from the exhibition of the life reform movement from sheep Elective Affinities

[ edit ] References

↑ a b c d e Marina Schuster: Fidus In: Manual for the "Nationalist Movement" 1871 - 1918.. Edited by Uwe Puschner, Walter Schmitz and Justus H. Ulbricht. Saur, Munich etc. 1996, p. 904-905, here p. 904th
↑ Uwe Puschner: The Nationalist Movement in the Wilhelmine Empire. Language - race - religion, Darmstadt 2001, p. 167, ISBN 3-534-15052-X
↑ Marina Schuster: Fidus - an artist of the nationalist spirit cultural movement In: Manual for the "Nationalist Movement" 1871 - 1918.. Edited by Uwe Puschner, Walter Schmitz and Justus H. Ulbricht. Saur, Munich etc. 1996, p. 634-650, here: p. 642
↑ Hinrich of Hope: Names and Works, Volume 4, Dipa-Verlag, Frankfurt / Main, p. 51 ff
↑ German Biographical Encyclopedia & German Biographical Index. CD-ROM, Saur, Munich 2001, ISBN 978-3-598-40360-6 .
↑ Marina Schuster: Fidus - an artist of the nationalist spirit cultural movement In: Manual for the "Nationalist Movement" 1871 - 1918.. Edited by Uwe Puschner, Walter Schmitz and Justus H. Ulbricht. Saur, Munich etc. 1996, p. 634-650, here: p. 641
↑ Marina Schuster: Fidus In: Manual for the "Nationalist Movement" 1871 - 1918.. Edited by Uwe Puschner, Walter Schmitz and Justus H. Ulbricht. Saur, Munich etc. 1996, p. 904-905, here p. 905th
↑ Frecot / spirit / curbs: Fidus 1868-1948, Rogner & Bernhard, December 1997, p. 210
↑ Marina Schuster: Fidus - an artist of the nationalist spirit cultural movement In: Manual for the "Nationalist Movement" 1871 - 1918.. Edited by Uwe Puschner, Walter Schmitz and Justus H. Ulbricht. Saur, Munich etc. 1996, p. 634-650, here: p. 644